Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.

The Wikipedia page for "Cell (biology)" provides an extensive overview of the fundamental unit of life - the cell.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period of time.

Hemodialysis is a medical treatment used for patients with kidney failure.

The kidney is an essential organ in the human body responsible for filtering waste products and excess water from the bloodstream, producing urine, and maintaining proper levels of electrolytes and fluids.

Kidney disease or renal disease refers to any condition that damages the structure or function of the kidneys.

Kidney transplant or renal transplant is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD).

Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is therapy that replaces the normal blood-filtering function of the kidneys.