Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within 7 days, as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both.

Artificial kidney is often a synonym for hemodialysis, but may also refer to the other renal replacement therapies (with exclusion of kidney transplantation) that are in use and/or in development.

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies moral principles and the application of these principles to guide human behavior.

Hemodialysis is a medical treatment used for patients with kidney failure.

The kidney is an essential organ in the human body responsible for filtering waste products and excess water from the bloodstream, producing urine, and maintaining proper levels of electrolytes and fluids.

Kidney disease or renal disease refers to any condition that damages the structure or function of the kidneys.

Kidney transplant or renal transplant is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD).

Organ donation is the process of surgically removing an organ or tissue from one person (the organ donor) and placing it into another person (the organ recipient) in order to restore or enhance their health.