About

It is caused either by a deficiency of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar, or by an inability of the body's cells to respond properly to insulin. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile-onset diabetes, is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This results in a lack of insulin production and requires lifelong insulin administration. Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, occurs when the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or fails to produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. It is largely the result of lifestyle factors such as obesity, lack of physical activity, and poor diet. Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth. However, women who have had gestational diabetes are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Complications of diabetes mellitus can include cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, vision problems, and foot ulcers, among others. Long-term management of the disease involves regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and taking medications such as insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs. Prevention and control of diabetes mellitus involve promoting healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight. Education and awareness are also essential in order to detect the disease early and manage it effectively.