The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a national public health agency in the United States.

Cochrane is a British international charitable organisation formed to synthesize medical research findings to facilitate evidence-based choices about health interventions involving health professionals, patients and policy makers.

Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease), is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.

Forceps are a handheld surgical instrument used to grasp and manipulate tissues, organs, or other objects during surgical procedures.

General anesthesia is a state of unconsciousness induced by the administration of drugs to render a patient unresponsive and unaware of surgical procedures.

The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded healthcare system in the United Kingdom.

Surgery is a medical specialty that involves using operative techniques to address injuries, diseases, or deformities through invasive procedures.