Archibald Leman Cochrane (12 January 1909 - 18 June 1988) was a Scottish physician noted for his book, Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services, which advocated the use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to improve clinical trials and medical interventions.

The Cochrane Library (named after Archie Cochrane) is a collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by Cochrane and other organizations.

Epidemiology is the study of how diseases spread and impact populations.

The Wikipedia page "HPV vaccine" provides comprehensive information about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, its uses, effectiveness, safety, and controversies.

London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, located on the banks of the River Thames.

The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded healthcare system in the United Kingdom.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

Nature is a prestigious weekly multidisciplinary scientific journal.