Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch scientist and tradesman who is often considered the father of microbiology.

Basic research is a type of scientific research that is conducted to expand knowledge and understanding of fundamental principles without any specific application or immediate practical use in mind.

Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

In analytical chemistry, biomonitoring is the measurement of the body burden of toxic chemical compounds, elements, or their metabolites, in biological substances.

The Bradford Hill criteria, otherwise known as Hill's criteria for causation, are a group of nine principles that can be useful in establishing epidemiologic evidence of a causal relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effect and have been widely used in public health research.

Cancer is a broad term used to describe a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a national public health agency in the United States.