Anthropology is a social science that studies human societies, cultures, and their development.

Anti-racism encompasses a range of ideas and political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups.

Civil and political rights are a set of fundamental human rights that aim to protect individuals' freedoms and ensure their participation in political processes.

The Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is a human rights proclamation issued by the United Nations General Assembly, outlining that body's views on racism.

Economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR) are socio-economic human rights, such as the right to education, right to housing, right to an adequate standard of living, right to health, .

Equality before the law, also known as equality under the law, equality in the eyes of the law, legal equality, or legal egalitarianism, is the principle that all people must be equally protected by the law.

Freedom of speech is a fundamental human right that allows individuals to express their opinions, ideas, thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives without fear of retaliation, censorship, or punishment from the government or other authorities.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN), established in 1945 under the UN Charter.