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These rights include freedom of speech, assembly, and association, as well as the right to vote and be elected. They also encompass the right to a fair trial, freedom from torture and cruel treatment, and freedom from discrimination. The Wikipedia page on civil and political rights provides an extensive overview of these rights, their historical development, and their importance in promoting social justice and democracy. The page explores various international and regional legal frameworks that protect civil and political rights, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the European Convention on Human Rights. In addition, the page discusses the challenges and controversies surrounding civil and political rights, including debates over the balance between individual freedoms and public security, cultural relativism versus universalism, and the protection of minority rights. It also sheds light on the struggles faced by marginalized groups, such as women, ethnic and religious minorities, and LGBTQ+ individuals, in securing and exercising their civil and political rights. The page delves into the role of civil society organizations and human rights activists in promoting and defending these rights, as well as the role of governments in upholding their obligations to protect and respect civil and political rights. It offers examples of landmark cases, legal precedents, and historical events that have shaped the development of these rights, such as the American civil rights movement and the fight against apartheid in South Africa. Overall, the Wikipedia page on civil and political rights serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the concept, historical evolution, legal frameworks, and contemporary challenges associated with these fundamental human rights. It strives to raise awareness and facilitate discussions about the importance of civil and political rights in creating a just and inclusive society.