Crimes against humanity are a category of international criminal offenses that involve the widespread or systematic targeting of a civilian population by individuals, groups, or governments.

Genocide, as defined by the United Nations, refers to any act committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group by killing its members, causing serious bodily or mental harm to them, or deliberately inflicting conditions leading to their physical destruction.

Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms to which all individuals are entitled, regardless of nationality, race, gender, religion, or any other status.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN), established in 1945 under the UN Charter.

London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, located on the banks of the River Thames.

The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a prestigious university located in London, United Kingdom.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948.

The University of Cambridge is a prestigious collegiate research university located in Cambridge, England.