Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein in the brain that plays a crucial role in the growth, development, and survival of neurons. It is a member of the neurotrophin family of proteins and is involved in various physiological processes such as neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation.
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It is a member of the neurotrophin family of proteins and is involved in various physiological processes such as neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation. BDNF is primarily expressed in the hippocampus, cortex, and basal forebrain, regions of the brain that are responsible for learning, memory, and cognitive functions. It is synthesized as a precursor protein (proBDNF) and then cleaved into its mature form (mBDNF) which can bind to specific receptors on the surface of neurons. This binding activates signaling pathways that promote neuron growth, survival, and synaptic plasticity. Mutations or deficiencies in the BDNF gene have been linked to various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and schizophrenia. Additionally, alterations in BDNF levels have been observed in conditions like stress, obesity, and addiction. Research on BDNF has revealed its potential as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have been developed to modulate BDNF levels or activity. These include exercise, environmental enrichment, and certain medications. Overall, BDNF plays a critical role in the maintenance and function of the nervous system, and understanding its mechanisms of action may lead to novel treatments for neurological disorders.