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Endoplasmic reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membrane-bound tubules and sacs found in eukaryotic cells. It plays a key role in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and calcium storage.

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It plays a key role in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and calcium storage. There are two types of ER: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification. The ER is also responsible for the correct folding, sorting, and transport of newly synthesized proteins. It is connected to the nuclear envelope and interacts with other cellular organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. Disruptions in ER function can lead to various diseases, including diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

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