The American Physical Society (APS) is a not-for-profit membership organization of professionals in physics and related disciplines, comprising nearly fifty divisions, sections, and other units.

An atomic clock is a type of clock that uses the vibrations of atoms to measure time with extreme accuracy.

Harvard University is a renowned private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

The MacArthur Fellowship, often referred to as the "Genius Grant," is a prestigious award given annually to individuals in the United States who have shown exceptional creativity, talent, and dedication in their respective fields.

The John D.

Membership of the National Academy of Sciences is an award granted to scientists that the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of the United States judges to have made “distinguished and continuing achievements in original research”.

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a premier institution in the United States that advises the government on scientific matters.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a federal agency in the United States that develops and promotes measurement standards, guidelines, and technology to enhance productivity, support innovation, and improve the competitiveness of businesses.