A bacteriologist is a microbiologist, or similarly trained professional, in bacteriology- a subdivision of microbiology that studies bacteria, typically pathogenic ones.

The Wikipedia page "Doctor of Medicine" provides a comprehensive overview of the professional degree awarded to medical practitioners around the world.

Engineering is the application of scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge to invent, innovate, design, build, maintain, research, and improve structures, machines, tools, systems, components, materials, processes, solutions, and organizations.

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HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system of humans, leading to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

James Edward Rothman (born November 3, 1950) is an American biochemist.

A medical school is a tertiary educational institution that teaches medicine and grants a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a premier institution in the United States that advises the government on scientific matters.