Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, encompassing the different species, ecosystems, and genetic variations that exist.

A biodiversity hotspot refers to a region that is incredibly rich in plant and animal species, with a high level of endemism (species found nowhere else on Earth).

Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions.

The Himalayas, often referred to as the "Roof of the World," is a mountain range in Asia that stretches across several countries including India, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, and Pakistan.

A tropical rainforest is a type of ecosystem characterized by high levels of rainfall and dense vegetation that grows all year round.