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It defines the principle of separation of church and state as the "distance in the relationship between organized religion and the nation-state. " The page examines the origins of this principle, stemming from the writings of Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke and Thomas Jefferson, who argued for the need to protect religious freedom and prevent the government from interfering in religious affairs. The page explores the history of separation of church and state in various countries, focusing on examples like the United States, France, and India. It discusses landmark legal cases and constitutional provisions that have advanced or defended this principle, such as the United States Constitution's First Amendment, which prohibits the establishment of religion and guarantees the free exercise thereof. The page also addresses the ongoing debate regarding the interpretation and application of this principle, particularly in cases involving religious symbols, religious instruction in public schools, and government funding of religious institutions. Furthermore, the page delves into the controversies and criticisms surrounding separation of church and state. It outlines arguments made by proponents, such as the need to ensure religious liberty and prevent the government from favoring one religion over others. It also presents the viewpoints of critics who argue that separation of church and state often leads to the suppression of religious expression or promotes secularism as a state-sponsored worldview. The page concludes by highlighting the different approaches adopted by countries around the world in dealing with the relationship between religion and the state, ranging from strict separation to different levels of religious influence on governance. It also acknowledges that the meaning and boundaries of separation of church and state continue to be subjects of debate and interpretation in various jurisdictions. Overall, the Wikipedia page offers a comprehensive and balanced exploration of the principles, history, debates, and challenges surrounding the concept of separation of church and state.