About

It was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950, replacing the Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India. The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world, consisting of 470 articles and 12 schedules. It lays down the fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, and duties of citizens, as well as the powers and structure of the government, legislature, and judiciary. The Constitution of India provides for a federal system of government, with powers divided between the central government and the states. It establishes a parliamentary system, with a President as the head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. The Constitution also enshrines principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. One of the significant features of the Indian Constitution is the inclusion of Fundamental Rights, which ensure that all citizens are guaranteed certain basic rights and protections. These rights include the right to equality, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to constitutional remedies. The Constitution also includes Directive Principles of State Policy, which are guidelines for the government to ensure the welfare of its citizens. The Constitution of India has undergone several amendments over the years to accommodate changing social, economic, and political circumstances. These amendments have addressed issues like the rights of women, affirmative action for disadvantaged groups, and the autonomy of individual states. The Constitution of India has played a crucial role in the development and growth of the country. It has provided a framework for a democratic and secular society, while also recognizing the diversity and pluralism of the Indian population. The Indian Constitution has served as a model for many other countries and has been a source of inspiration for the protection and promotion of human rights around the world.