The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent, located almost entirely within the Antarctic Circle.

The Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) is a collection of agreements and measures that regulate human activity in Antarctica.

Anthropology is a social science that studies human societies, cultures, and their development.

Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects, such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies, as well as the phenomena and processes that occur in outer space.

Basic research is a type of scientific research that is conducted to expand knowledge and understanding of fundamental principles without any specific application or immediate practical use in mind.

Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Chemistry is a branch of science that studies matter and the changes it undergoes.