About

It was established in 1961 with the signing of the Antarctic Treaty by twelve countries. Today, the ATS includes a number of additional agreements and protocols that address various aspects of environmental protection, scientific research, and governance in the region. The main objective of the Antarctic Treaty is to ensure that Antarctica is used exclusively for peaceful purposes and to promote international cooperation in scientific research. It prohibits any military activity, nuclear testing, and the disposal of radioactive waste within the continent. The treaty also promotes the protection of the environment and the conservation of its living resources. The ATS is governed by the annual Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM), where member countries discuss and make decisions on various matters related to Antarctica. These meetings serve as a forum for exchanging information, coordinating research efforts, and resolving disputes. Membership in the ATS has grown significantly since its establishment, with over fifty countries currently involved. In addition to the Antarctic Treaty, the ATS comprises several agreements and protocols that address specific issues. These include the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, which designates Antarctica as a natural reserve and prohibits any mineral resource activities for fifty years. Another important agreement is the Protocol on Liability for Environmental Damage, which establishes rules and procedures for responding to environmental emergencies. Overall, the Antarctic Treaty System has been successful in promoting international cooperation and environmental protection in Antarctica. It has helped maintain the region as a peaceful and scientifically significant area, while also addressing the challenges posed by increasing human activity.