Climatology (from Greek , klima, "slope"; and , -logia) or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years.

LIDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and create detailed three-dimensional maps of the environment.

Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere, weather, and climate.

The U.