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The summary begins by defining lithium-ion batteries as a type of rechargeable battery in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode (anode) to the positive electrode (cathode) during discharge and back when charging. It further highlights their significance in modern technology due to their high energy density, lightweight, and long cycle life. The page delves into the history of lithium-ion batteries, tracing their development from the early 1970s to the commercialization in the 1990s. It discusses the various components and materials used in lithium-ion batteries, including the electrodes, electrolytes, and separators. The different types of lithium-ion batteries, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), are also described. The article covers the working principles of lithium-ion batteries, explaining the process of lithium-ion diffusion and the role of the electrolyte in facilitating the movement of lithium ions. It discusses the charging and discharging cycles, highlighting the importance of voltage limits and current rates for efficient operation and prolonged battery lifespan. The advantages and disadvantages of lithium-ion batteries are explicitly addressed. Some advantages include high energy density, low self-discharge, and minimal memory effect. However, limitations such as thermal runaway, capacity degradation, and susceptibility to damage from high voltage or current are also discussed. Additionally, the page explores the applications of lithium-ion batteries across various sectors, including consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage. It mentions advancements in battery technology, such as solid-state lithium-ion batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries, which are being researched for even higher energy densities. Lastly, the page provides information on the safety considerations associated with lithium-ion batteries, including the potential for thermal runaway and the measures taken to mitigate these risks. It also highlights the importance of recycling lithium-ion batteries to reduce environmental impact and recover valuable resources. Overall, the Wikipedia page on lithium-ion batteries offers a comprehensive overview of these widely used rechargeable energy storage devices, covering their history, construction, operation, applications, and safety considerations.