Crimes against humanity are a category of international criminal offenses that involve the widespread or systematic targeting of a civilian population by individuals, groups, or governments.

The Geneva Conventions are a series of international treaties and protocols that establish the standards of humane treatment during armed conflicts and other emergencies.

Genocide, as defined by the United Nations, refers to any act committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group by killing its members, causing serious bodily or mental harm to them, or deliberately inflicting conditions leading to their physical destruction.

The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), or the Genocide Convention, is an international treaty that criminalizes genocide and obligates state parties to pursue the enforcement of its prohibition.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.

International law is a set of rules and principles that govern relations between sovereign states, international organizations, and individuals.

The Kigali Genocide Memorial commemorates the 1994 Rwandan genocide.