About

It is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, and is typically diagnosed prenatally or at birth. People with Down syndrome often have characteristic facial features, such as upward-slanting eyes, a small mouth, and a flat nasal bridge. While individuals with Down syndrome have varying degrees of intellectual disability, many are able to lead fulfilling and independent lives with appropriate support and access to education. They may also have various medical conditions, including heart defects, hearing and vision problems, and thyroid dysfunction. Early intervention and ongoing medical care are important in optimizing their development and well-being. The cause of Down syndrome is still not fully understood, but it is known to occur spontaneously during the formation of the egg or sperm, or shortly after conception. Advanced maternal age is a known risk factor, although the majority of children with Down syndrome are born to younger mothers due to higher fertility rates in this age group. The treatment and support for individuals with Down syndrome have improved significantly in recent years, including early intervention therapies, speech and occupational therapy, and educational programs tailored to their needs. Inclusion and integration into mainstream society and schools are also highly encouraged, promoting their social, emotional, and cognitive growth. Down syndrome is a lifelong condition, and individuals with Down syndrome may face certain challenges as they grow older, such as an increased risk for certain health problems and a need for ongoing support. However, with the right care, they can lead meaningful lives and make valuable contributions to their communities.