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It is triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When individuals with celiac disease consume gluten, their immune system responds by attacking the lining of the small intestine, causing inflammation and damaging the villi, which are necessary for nutrient absorption. As a result, celiac disease can lead to various symptoms, such as diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and abdominal pain. The exact cause of celiac disease is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The condition is hereditary and tends to run in families, with certain genes predisposing individuals to develop the disease. However, not everyone with these genes will necessarily develop celiac disease, suggesting that other factors also play a role. Diagnosis of celiac disease often involves blood tests to detect certain antibodies associated with the condition, followed by a biopsy of the small intestine to confirm the diagnosis. Once diagnosed, the only treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet, which requires eliminating all sources of gluten from the diet. This can be challenging, as gluten is commonly found in many foods and ingredients. However, with proper dietary management, most individuals with celiac disease can effectively manage their symptoms and prevent long-term complications. Celiac disease can lead to various complications if left untreated, including nutrient deficiencies, osteoporosis, infertility, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer. Therefore, early detection and adherence to a gluten-free diet are crucial for maintaining optimal health for individuals with celiac disease. The prevalence of celiac disease varies around the world, with higher rates reported in certain populations. It is estimated that about 1% of the global population may have celiac disease, although many cases go undiagnosed. Awareness and understanding of the condition have been increasing in recent years, leading to improved diagnosis rates and availability of gluten-free products. The Wikipedia page on celiac disease provides comprehensive information on the condition, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and potential complications. It also covers the epidemiology of celiac disease, its history and discovery, as well as ongoing research and advancements in understanding and managing the condition.