The Apollo Program was a series of space missions conducted by the United States' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) during the 1960s and 1970s.

Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar exploration mission launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in October 2008.

A gyroscope is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity.

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is the national space agency of Japan, responsible for the country's space research and development.

The Wikipedia page on lithium-ion batteries provides a comprehensive overview of these rechargeable energy storage devices.

Mass spectrometry is a technique used to measure the mass and relative abundance of molecules and atoms.

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and is the fifth-largest satellite in the Solar System.