The Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT Accelerator or ACT-A), or the Global Collaboration to Accelerate the Development, Production and Equitable Access to New COVID-19 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines, is a G20 initiative announced by pro-tem Chair Mohammed al-Jadaan on 24 April 2020.

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The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is a private foundation established by Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates and his wife Melinda Gates.

The Wikipedia page on the COVID-19 pandemic provides a comprehensive overview of the ongoing global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus.

The Wikipedia page on COVID-19 vaccine provides an overview of the various vaccines developed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is an agency of the European Union (EU) in charge of the evaluation and supervision of pharmaceutical products.

The Wikipedia page for the European Union provides an in-depth overview of the supranational political and economic organization that consists of 27 member states located in Europe.

GAVI, officially Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (previously the GAVI Alliance, and before that the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization) is a public-private global health partnership with the goal of increasing access to immunization in poor countries.