Adenine is a nucleobase, which is a component of nucleotides, the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Carl Woese (July 15, 1928 - December 30, 2012) was an American microbiologist and biophysicist.

A chloroplast is a specialized organelle found in plant cells and some algae.

Evolution is a process that describes how living organisms have adapted and changed over time.

A hydrogen bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis.

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is a part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), which is a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

A nucleotide is a basic structural unit of DNA and RNA.