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It was first instituted in 1856 during the Crimean War, and since then has been awarded for acts of bravery in various conflicts including the First and Second World Wars, as well as more recent conflicts such as the Falklands War and the War in Afghanistan. The Victoria Cross is a bronze cross pattée with the royal crown in the center and the words "For Valour" inscribed on the obverse. It is awarded for acts of exceptional courage and bravery in the presence of the enemy, often at great personal risk. Recipients come from all branches of the military, including army, navy, and air force. The award is granted by the reigning monarch, on the recommendation of the Secretary of State for Defence, after consultation with the VC committee. It is a rare and highly regarded distinction, with more than 1,350 Victoria Crosses having been awarded to individuals or groups since its inception. The criteria for receiving the Victoria Cross are strict. The act of bravery must be performed in the face of the enemy, and must be deemed to have been preeminent in its nature. It must also have been performed voluntarily, without expectation of any reward. Recipients can be from any nationality or rank, with civilians also eligible for the award in some cases. The Wikipedia page on the Victoria Cross provides a detailed account of its history, including notable recipients and the circumstances under which it has been awarded. It also includes information on the design and manufacture of the medal, as well as the protocols for its awarding and presentation. Overall, the Victoria Cross holds a special place in military honors, representing the highest level of bravery and selflessness in the face of danger. The Wikipedia page serves as a comprehensive resource for further understanding and exploration of this esteemed award.