Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within 7 days, as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both.

An artificial cardiac pacemaker, also known simply as a pacemaker, is a medical device that uses electrical impulses to regulate the rhythm of the heart.

Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons.

Doppler ultrasonography is medical ultrasonography that employs the Doppler effect to perform imaging of the movement of tissues and body fluids (usually blood), and their relative velocity to the probe.

In engineering, electromechanics combines processes and procedures drawn from electrical engineering and mechanical engineering.

Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that belong to the kingdom Fungi.

The heart is a crucial organ in the circulatory system that pumps blood throughout the body.