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It consists of the nose, nasal passages, sinuses, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm. The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply oxygen to the body's cells while removing carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration. The process of respiration involves inhalation, exhalation, and gas exchange. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, allowing the lungs to expand and draw in air through the nose or mouth. In the process, the air is filtered, warmed, and humidified as it passes through the respiratory tract. The air then travels through the trachea, which branches into two bronchi, one leading to each lung. The bronchi further divide into smaller bronchioles, which eventually lead to microscopic air sacs called alveoli. These alveoli are surrounded by capillaries, where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs. The oxygen inhaled into the lungs is absorbed into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide, generated by cellular metabolism, is released from the blood into the alveoli and exhaled. This process is facilitated by the presence of red blood cells containing hemoglobin, a molecule that binds to oxygen for transport. The respiratory system also plays a role in vocalization, as air passing through the larynx and vocal cords produces sound. Additionally, it helps regulate the body's pH levels by controlling the amount of carbon dioxide eliminated through respiration. Various diseases and conditions can affect the respiratory system, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and lung cancer. Infections, allergens, pollutants, smoking, and genetic factors can contribute to respiratory disorders. Understanding the respiratory system is crucial for maintaining overall health and identifying potential issues early on. This Wikipedia page provides detailed information on the anatomy, physiology, and common disorders of the respiratory system, serving as a valuable resource for medical professionals, students, and the general public.