Brachytherapy is a form of radiation therapy where a sealed radiation source is placed inside or next to the area requiring treatment.

Oncology is a branch of medicine specializing in the study and treatment of cancer.

Pathology is a branch of medical science that involves the study of disease processes, their causes, and their effects on body structures and functions.

Physics is the natural science that studies matter, energy, and their interactions.

Physiology is the scientific study of the functions and processes of living organisms.

Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this".