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Considered a foundational work in the field of evolutionary biology, the book presents Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Darwin proposes that species evolve over time through the process of natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on these traits to future generations. The book introduces the idea of common descent, suggesting that all life on Earth shares a common ancestry. It also discusses various evidences for evolution and counters several objections raised against it. "On the Origin of Species" sparked significant controversy at the time of its publication and continues to be a pivotal work in the understanding of evolutionary biology.