The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Albert Imre Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt (nagyrápolti Szent-Györgyi Albert Imre; September 16, 1893 - October 22, 1986) was a Hungarian biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937.

Alexander Fleming was a Scottish microbiologist, pharmacologist, and pathologist who discovered the antibiotic substance penicillin in 1928.

The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry.

Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry devoted to understanding the composition and nature of matter, as well as the changes that occur during chemical reactions.

Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) was a French chemist and biologist, often referred to as the "Father of Modern Chemistry.