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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a type of genetic material found in mitochondria, which are small structures within cells that generate energy. This DNA is separate from the nuclear DNA found in the cell nucleus and is inherited exclusively from the mother.

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This DNA is separate from the nuclear DNA found in the cell nucleus and is inherited exclusively from the mother. Mitochondrial DNA is unique because it is circular, compact, and does not recombine like nuclear DNA. It contains fewer genes, but they play a crucial role in cellular respiration and energy production. Due to its maternal inheritance and lack of recombination, mtDNA can be used to trace maternal lineages and investigate human evolutionary history. Additionally, because mtDNA mutates at a relatively constant rate, it can be used to estimate the time of divergence between populations and track migration patterns. This information has been invaluable for understanding human genetic diversity, studying ancient DNA, and investigating the origins of diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

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