Artificial ventilation or respiration is when a machine assists in a metabolic process to exchange gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration.

A bag valve mask (BVM), sometimes known by the proprietary name Ambu bag or generically as a manual resuscitator or "self-inflating bag", is a hand-held device commonly used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately.

A clinician is a health care professional typically employed at a skilled nursing facility or clinic.

The history of polio (poliomyelitis) infections began during prehistory.

Hypoxemia is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood.

The intensive care unit (ICU) is a specialized department within a hospital that provides advanced care to critically ill patients.

A laryngeal mask airway (LMA), also known as laryngeal mask, is a medical device that keeps a patient's airway open during anaesthesia or while they are unconscious.