While the history of biological warfare goes back more than six centuries to the Siege of Caffa in 1346 CE, international restrictions on biological warfare began only with the 1925 Geneva Protocol, which prohibits the use but not the possession or development of chemical and biological weapons.

The CWC augments the Geneva Protocol of 1925, which bans the use of chemical and biological weapons in international armed conflicts, but not their development or possession.

CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments.

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty that aims to ban all nuclear explosions, whether they be for peaceful purposes or military testing.

The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, also known as the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, and CCAMLR, is part of the Antarctic Treaty System.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty.

The Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) is an international treaty that prohibits all use, transfer, production, and stockpiling of cluster munitions, a type of explosive weapon which scatters submunitions ("bomblets") over an area.