About

It is the world's deepest and oldest lake, holding an astounding 20% of the planet's unfrozen fresh surface water. The lake is also recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site and is famous for its unique biodiversity and stunning natural beauty. Covering an area of about 31,722 square kilometers, Lake Baikal stretches for an impressive 636 kilometers in length and reaches a maximum depth of 1,642 meters. Its age is estimated to be around 25 to 30 million years, making it one of the most ancient lakes on Earth. The lake's formation resulted from tectonic movements that created a rift valley, allowing water from nearby rivers to fill the basin. Lake Baikal is renowned for its remarkable clarity and turquoise color, offering breathtaking views. Its pristine waters are home to countless endemic species that have evolved over millions of years in isolation. More than 1,700 species of plants and animals have been identified, with two-thirds of them found nowhere else in the world. Among the most famous inhabitants are the Baikal seal, the world's only exclusively freshwater seal, and the golomyanka, a unique fish species adapted to survive in extreme cold and darkness. Besides its ecological significance, Lake Baikal is also culturally and historically significant. Surrounding the lake are numerous ethnic communities, including the indigenous Buryat people, who have lived around the lake for centuries. It is also believed that shamans inhabited the area long ago. Recreational activities such as boating, fishing, and hiking are popular around Lake Baikal, attracting tourists from all over the world. In winter, the lake freezes, creating a mesmerizing landscape and offering opportunities for ice diving and ice skating. However, Lake Baikal faces numerous environmental threats, including pollution from industrial activities, deforestation, and climate change. Efforts are being made to preserve and protect the lake's delicate ecosystem, with national parks and reserves established in the region. Overall, Lake Baikal stands as a remarkable natural wonder, offering unparalleled beauty, scientific importance, and cultural significance.