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They are found primarily in the bone marrow, but also exist in smaller numbers in peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood. HSCs have the unique ability to self-renew as well as differentiate into various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This Wikipedia page on Hematopoietic stem cells provides an in-depth overview of their characteristics, functions, and clinical applications. It covers the origins and sources of HSCs, including their discovery in the 1960s. The page describes the properties and markers used to identify and isolate HSCs, as well as the factors that regulate their development and maintenance. The article also delves into the different types of blood cells that HSCs produce and highlights their vital roles in immune function, oxygen transport, and blood clotting. It discusses the various disorders and diseases that can develop as a result of HSC dysfunction, including leukemia, anemia, and immunodeficiency disorders. Furthermore, the page explores the clinical applications of HSCs, including their use in bone marrow transplantation and regenerative medicine. It provides information on the procedure and benefits of stem cell transplantation, as well as the challenges and limitations associated with it. The current and potential future uses of HSCs in gene therapy and cell-based therapies are also discussed. Overall, this Wikipedia page on Hematopoietic stem cells serves as a comprehensive resource for anyone seeking to understand the biology, functions, and medical applications of these unique cells.