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Originally built as a Christian basilica in the 6th century during the Byzantine Empire, it later became an imperial mosque under the Ottoman Empire and is now a museum. The structure is renowned for its architectural beauty and historical significance, showcasing a blend of Byzantine and Ottoman architectural styles. The original Hagia Sophia was commissioned by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I and was completed in 537 CE. It served as the principal church of the Eastern Orthodox Church for nearly a thousand years. The building's impressive dome, innovative architectural features, and intricate mosaics make it an outstanding example of Byzantine architecture. With the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque and underwent several modifications, including the addition of minarets and the removal of Christian mosaics. It remained a mosque until 1935 when it was secularized and turned into a museum by the Republic of Turkey. The interior of the Hagia Sophia features a central dome supported by massive piers and arches, creating a sense of expansiveness and grandeur. The structure also contains numerous mosaics and ornate marble decorations that showcase the artistic and cultural richness of its past. In recent years, there have been debates and controversies regarding the status of the Hagia Sophia. In 2020, the Turkish government decided to convert it once again into a mosque, sparking international reactions and discussions about its preservation as a symbol of shared cultural heritage. These debates highlight the complex historical and cultural significance of the Hagia Sophia, as it continues to be an iconic landmark that attracts millions of visitors each year.