About

It is a type of distillation that involves multiple stages of distillation, where the vapor produced in each stage is condensed and collected as a separate fraction. This process is particularly useful for separating liquid mixtures with components that have boiling points that are close in range. Fractional distillation relies on the principle that different substances in a mixture will have different boiling points, allowing them to be evaporated and condensed at different temperatures. The process involves heating the mixture to its boiling point, and the vapor produced is collected and cooled to condense the different components. As each component condenses at a different temperature, the fractions can be collected at different heights within a fractionating column. This allows for the efficient separation of different components by their boiling points. Fractional distillation is widely used in industries such as petroleum refining, chemical manufacturing, and alcohol production, where it plays a crucial role in the production of various products. Overall, fractional distillation is a versatile and effective technique for the separation and purification of liquid mixtures, allowing for the isolation and collection of different components based on their boiling points.