The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a national public health agency in the United States.

Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and medical devices) and known interventions that warrant further study and comparison.

The Edward Jenner Institute for Vaccine Research (EJIVR) was an independent research institute named after Edward Jenner, the inventor of vaccination.

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is an agency of the European Union (EU) in charge of the evaluation and supervision of pharmaceutical products.

A nanoparticle or ultrafine particle is a particle of matter 1 to 100 nanometres (nm) in diameter.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

Recombinant DNA is a technology that involves combining DNA from different sources to create artificial DNA sequences.

Science is a weekly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).