The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAA&S) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States.

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.

Anesthesiology is a medical specialty focused on providing pain relief, sedation, and overall care for patients undergoing surgeries or other medical procedures.

BRCA1, an abbreviation for Breast Cancer gene 1, is a human gene that produces a protein called breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein.

Cardiac catheterization is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat various heart conditions.

The Wikipedia page "Doctor of Medicine" provides a comprehensive overview of the professional degree awarded to medical practitioners around the world.

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is a doctoral degree most commonly awarded by universities in recognition of academic research and the culmination of a person's education in a particular field of study.

Duke University is a private research university located in Durham, North Carolina, United States.