Alexander Fleming was a Scottish microbiologist, pharmacologist, and pathologist who discovered the antibiotic substance penicillin in 1928.

Antibiotics are a class of drugs that are used to treat and prevent bacterial infections in humans and animals.

The Gram stain is a laboratory technique used to classify bacteria into two major groups, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, based on their cell wall composition.

Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, (24 September 1898 - 21 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin.

Lysozyme is an enzyme found in various bodily secretions such as tears, saliva, mucus, and egg white.

The medical history, case history, or anamnesis (from Greek: ἀνά, aná, "open", and μνήσις, mnesis, "memory") of a patient is a set of information the physicians collect over medical interviews.

Nature is a prestigious weekly multidisciplinary scientific journal.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, first awarded in 1901, is one of the prestigious awards presented annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.