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It is considered one of the longest-lasting civilizations in history. The ancient Egyptian civilization encompassed various periods, including the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. The civilization's society was organized around a centralized monarchy with a pharaoh as the ruler and religious leader. Ancient Egypt is renowned for its monumental architecture, such as the construction of pyramids, temples, and tombs. The Great Pyramid of Giza, built during the Old Kingdom, is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The civilization also developed sophisticated systems of writing (hieroglyphics), mathematics, and medicine. Religion played a significant role in ancient Egyptian society, with the belief in an afterlife and the importance of mummification for preserving the body. The civilization also had a pantheon of gods and goddesses, with the worship of some deities varying across different regions. Trade, both within Egypt and with neighboring regions, played a crucial role in the economy of ancient Egypt. The Nile River was instrumental in the agricultural success of the civilization, providing fertile lands for farming. Ancient Egypt's history was marked by periods of stability and prosperity, as well as periods of foreign invasion and changes in power. It was eventually conquered by various foreign powers, including the Persians, Greeks, and Romans. Overall, ancient Egypt left a lasting impact on human history, influencing various aspects of culture, religion, and art. Its remnants continue to be studied by archaeologists and historians, providing valuable insights into the ancient world.