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This disease is transmitted to humans and animals through the bite of infected tsetse flies. The condition is endemic in certain regions of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in rural areas with high tsetse fly populations. There are two forms of African trypanosomiasis: the chronic form caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and the acute form caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. The chronic form progresses slowly and can last for several years, while the acute form develops rapidly and can be fatal within months if left untreated. Symptoms of African trypanosomiasis include fever, headaches, joint pain, and itching. As the disease progresses, it affects the nervous system, leading to sleep disturbances, confusion, and ultimately coma. Diagnosis is done through laboratory tests to detect the presence of the parasite in blood, lymph nodes, or cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment for African trypanosomiasis involves administering medications such as pentamidine or suramin for the early stage of the disease caused by T. brucei gambiense. For the late stage and the acute form caused by T. brucei rhodesiense, medications like melarsoprol or eflornithine are used. Efforts to control African trypanosomiasis include vector control by targeting the tsetse fly population through the use of insecticides, traps, and habitat modification. Education and awareness campaigns are also conducted to promote preventive measures such as wearing protective clothing and using insect repellents. Animal reservoirs of the disease are identified and treated to prevent the spread of infection. Although progress has been made in reducing the number of reported cases, African trypanosomiasis remains a significant public health concern in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Research efforts are ongoing to develop new diagnostic tools, drugs, and vaccines to combat this neglected tropical disease and ultimately eliminate it.