A Caesarean section, also known as C-section, is a surgical procedure in which a baby is delivered through an incision made in the mother's abdominal wall and uterus.

Elinor Catherine Hamlin, AC, FRCS, FRANZCOG, FRCOG (née Nicholson; 24 January 1924 - 18 March 2020) was an Australian obstetrician and gynaecologist who, with her husband, New Zealander Reginald Hamlin, co-founded the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital, the world's only medical centre dedicated exclusively to providing free obstetric fistula repair surgery to poor women with childbirth injuries.

A stoma is an artificial opening created in the body for the purpose of redirecting bodily waste or facilitating the exchange of gases.

The Lancet is a prestigious and widely recognized medical journal that publishes articles and research related to medicine and global health.